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Building the Future With Steel

Construction is one of the most important steel-using industries, accounting for more than 50% of world steel demand.

Buildings - from houses to car-parks to schools and skyscrapers - rely on steel for their strength. Steel is also used on roofs and as cladding for exterior walls.

The world's population is expected to increase by 2 billion persons in the next 30 years, from 7.7 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050, according to a new United Nations report launched in 2019.

This will be accompanied by rapid urbanisation. As the need for buildings and infrastructure continues to grow worldwide, reducing consumption of natural resources and associated emissions is crucial for future sustainability.

Whilst the operation of buildings accounts for 28% of global CO2 emission.[1], they also present many opportunities for reducing emissions and mitigating climate change.

Steelmakers around the world are increasingly providing construction solutions that enable energy-efficient and low-carbon-neutral buildings. For example in the HAMK Sheet Metal Centre (Finland) – a near Zero Energy Building (nZEB), steel solutions brought down the cost of electricity and district heating to €5,200 per annum from €12,400 (reference building). 

Not only is steel affordable, readily available and safer, its intrinsic properties, such as strength, versatility, durability and 100% recyclability allow for improved environmental performance across the entire life cycle of buildings. 

The advanced high-strength steels used in steel-plate applications also find uses in a number of related industries. Offshore oil rigs, bridges, civil engineering and construction machines, rail carriages, tanks and pressure vessels, nuclear, thermal and hydroelectric plants – all these applications benefit from the attributes of modern steels.

How steel is used in buildings and infrastructure

The possibilities for using steel in buildings and infrastructure are limitless. The most common applications are listed below.

For buildings

• Structural sections: these provide a strong, stiff frame for the building and make up 25% of the steel use in buildings.

• Reinforcing bars: these add tensile strength and stiffness to concrete and make up 44% of steel use in buildings. Steel is used because it binds well to concrete, has a similar thermal expansion coefficient and is strong and relatively cost-effective. Reinforced concrete is also used to provide deep foundations and basements and is currently the world’s primary building material.

• Sheet products: 31% is in sheet products such as roofing, purlins, internal walls, ceilings, cladding, and insulating panels for exterior walls.

• Non-structural steel: steel is also found in many non-structural applications in buildings, such as heating and cooling equipment and interior ducting.

• Internal fixtures and fittings such as rails, shelving and stairs are also made of steel. 

For infrastructure

• Transport networks: steel is required for bridges, tunnels, rail track and in constructing buildings such as fueling stations, train stations, ports and airports. About 60% of steel use in this application is as rebar and the rest is sections, plates and rail track.

• Utilities (fuel, water, power): over 50% of the steel used for this application is in underground pipelines to distribute water to and from housing, and to distribute gas. The rest is mainly rebar for power stations and pumping houses.

Construction: Important Sector to Build a country

The development in Indian construction industry feature is almost equal to the construction industry development in other countries. It is founded by the government and gradually it was taken over by the enterprises. After self-government requirement for industrial and infrastructural developments in India, they established the stone of construction, architectural and engineering services.

The stage from 1950 to mid 60’s witness the government in concert an energetic role in the expansion of these forces and most of construction performance during this period were carried out by state owned enterprises and supported by government departments.

The Indian construction industry is an essential part of the economy and a direct for a considerable part of its development involvement and is positioned for growth on account of urbanization, industrialization and profitable expansion and people’s rising potential for better quality of living (Indo Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2008).

IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION:

Construction is an important part of any country’s infrastructure and industrial growth. Construction industry, by means of its diffident and forward linkage with various additional industries like cement, steel bricks catalyses service generation in the country (Indian Construction Industry, 2008). Construction can be classified into 3 segments such as

1) Infrastructure

2) Industrial

3) Real Estate

FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY:

In India, construction is the second main economic activity after agriculture. Construction financial records for nearly 65 % of the total investment in infrastructure and is probable to be the main recipient of the surge in infrastructure venture over the next five years. Investment in construction accounts for nearly 11 per cent of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). €239.68 billion is likely to be invested in the infrastructure sector over the next five to ten years – in power, roads, bridges, city infrastructure, ports, airports, telecommunications, which would provide a huge enhancement to the construction industry as a whole.

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